チンチラについて知りたい(3)哺乳類の分類体系図(全167科)で哺乳類の仲間の生物学上の位置づけをみてみよう!
「チンチラについて知りたい!」第2回では、チンチラの仲間にはどんな種の動物がいるのか、チンチラの分類とチンチラ属の2種の正式な学名について取り上げました。
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チンチラの分類について調べる中で感じたことは、チンチラに関連する分類群だけを見るよりも、もっと対象を広げて、幅広く眺めるように見たほうが、近縁にどんな動物がいるのか?など発見が多いことです。
生物学上の分類体系を地図にたとえたとすると、チンチラを調べる場合だったら、拡大図にあたるのがチンチラ属、周囲の詳細な情報がわかるのがチンチラ科、もうちょっと離れてヤマアラシ亜目、さらに幅広く見るなら齧歯目の分類・・・となるかな~と思いますが、全体像を把握するには哺乳類の分類体系をみてみるのが一番だと思います。
「チンチラについて知りたい!」第3回目では、哺乳類に共通する特徴について簡単にご説明した上で、哺乳類にはどんな分類群がいて、その中でチンチラはどの位置に分類されているのかを周囲も含めて幅広く確認できるツールとなるように、アメリカ哺乳類学会から公開されている『Mammal Diversity Database(Ver 1.8)』(February 1, 2022)をもとに哺乳類の分類体系図(全167科)を画像つきでまとめたいと思います。
哺乳類とは?
哺乳類とは、脊椎動物亜門(Subphylum Vertebrata)に分類される「綱」レベルの生物群の一つで、哺乳綱といわれると聞き慣れない感じがしますが、哺乳類と聞けば誰もが知っている馴染み深い分類です。
哺乳綱(Class Mammalia)に関連する分類階級を動物界(Kingdom Animal)から順に記したものが下記の図です。
「綱」レベルでは、魚類、両生類、爬虫類、鳥類、哺乳類と並ぶのかと思いきや、「魚類」というのは分類学上の正式名称ではなく、
魚類の分類についてもっと具体的に知りたい!と思ってあれこれ調べてみたのですが、時代や研究者によって実に様々で、悩んだ末に New World Encyclopedia の『Vertebrate』(Revision as of 22:57, 1 August 2012 by Rick Swarts )を参考に上図を作成しました。
哺乳類は、両生類・爬虫類・鳥類と並んで、四肢動物上綱 (Superclass Tetrapoda)に包含される分類群です。
哺乳類に共通する特徴
哺乳類の「哺」という漢字には、”口でとる” という意味があって、代表的な共通点は口で乳をとることですが、その他にもどのような共通点があるのかを調べてみると、主に次のようなことがいえると思います。
哺乳類に共通する主な特徴
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哺乳綱(Class Mammalia)の分類体系(科レベルの一覧表)
アメリカ哺乳類学会から公開されているNathan S. Uphamら(February 1, 2022)の『Mammal Diversity Database(Ver 1.8)』を調べてみると、2022年2月時点では6591種(Species)の哺乳類が掲載されていて、目レベル(Order)では27目、科レベル(Family)になると167科、属レベル(Genus)に至ると1342属に分類されています。
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「Mammal Diversity Database 2022 (Version 1.8)」(Nathan S. Upham , Connor Burgin, Jane Widness, Schuyler Liphardt, Camila Parker, Madeleine Becker, Ingrid Rochon, Oavid Huckaby 著 / Zenodo, American Society of Mammalogists 発行 / February 1, 2022) |
さすがに全ての種を紹介するのは難しいけれど、科レベルの分類であれば167科なので紹介できるかな?と思って、『Mammal Diversity Database(Ver 1.8)』(February 1, 2022)をもとに科レベルの分類体系図を作ることにしました。
なお、『Mammal Diversity Database』は定期的に更新されており、2022年5月現在での最新版は『Mammal Diversity Database(Ver 1.9)』(April 1, 2022)で、6,596種の哺乳類が掲載されています。
今後もさらなる研究や新たな発見によって変化していくと思うので、最新版の確認など詳しくは『Mammal Diversity Database』のサイトをご覧ください。
表示の順番は『Mammal Diversity Database』に従い、和名は川田伸一郎ら(December 24,2021)の『世界哺乳類標準和名リスト 2021年度版』に従って、未掲載で分からなかった部分は英語のまま記載しています。
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「世界哺乳類標準和名リスト 2021年度版」(川田伸一郎・岩佐真宏・福井 大・新宅勇太・天野雅男・下稲葉さやか・樽 創・姉崎智子・鈴木 聡・押田龍夫・横畑泰志 著 / 日本哺乳類学会 発行 / December 24, 2021) |
どんな動物なのかがわかる画像があった方がわかりやすいと思うので、それぞれの科に分類されている動物種の中から一例をピックアップして、編集にて種の学名と標準和名および最もポピュラーな英名を画像の下に加えました。
お借りしている画像のクレジットは、ページの最後にまとめて一覧にさせていただいています。
とっても長くなりますが、分割してしまうと、全体像からチンチラや知りたい動物の生物学上の位置づけをみるという目的からズレてしまうと思うので、見づらい点はご容赦ください。
Yinotheria亜綱(Subclass Yinotheria)
Australosphenida下綱(Infraclass Australosphenida)
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単孔目(Order Monotremata) |
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カモノハシ科 |
ハリモグラ科 |
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獣亜綱(Subclass Theria)
有袋下綱(Infraclass Marsupialia)
アメリカ有袋上目(Superorder Ameridelphia)
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少丘歯目(Order Paucituberculata) |
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ケノレステス科 |
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オポッサム形目(Order Didelphimorphia) |
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オポッサム科 |
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オーストラリア有袋上目(Superorder Australidelphia)
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ミクロビオテリウム目(Order Microbiotheria) |
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ミクロビオテリウム科 |
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フクロモグラ形目(Order Notoryctemorphia) |
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フクロモグラ科 |
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フクロネコ形目(Order Dasyuromorphia) |
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フクロネコ科 |
フクロアリクイ科 |
フクロオオカミ科(絶滅) |
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バンディクート形目(Order Peramelemorphia) |
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ブタアシバンディクート科(絶滅) |
バンディクート科 |
ミミナガバンディクート科 |
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有胎盤下綱(Infraclass Placentalia)
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Atlantogenata巨目(Magnorder Atlantogenata) |
異節上目(Superorder Xenarthra)
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被甲目(Order Cingulata) |
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ヒメアルマジロ科 |
アルマジロ科 |
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有毛目(Order Pilosa) |
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ナマケモノ亜目(Suborder Folivora) |
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ミユビナマケモノ科 |
フタユビナマケモノ科 |
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アリクイ亜目(Suborder Vermilingua) |
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ヒメアリクイ科 |
アリクイ科 |
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アフリカ獣上目(Superorder Afrotheria)
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ハネジネズミ目(Order Macroscelidea) |
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ハネジネズミ科 |
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アフリカトガリネズミ目(Order Afrosoricida) |
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キンモグラ亜目(Suborder Chrysochloridea) |
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キンモグラ科 |
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テンレック形亜目(Suborder Tenrecomorpha) |
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ポタモガーレ科 |
テンレック科 |
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管歯目(Order Tubulidentata) |
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ツチブタ科 |
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長鼻目(Order Proboscidea) |
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ゾウ科 |
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イワダヌキ目(Order Hyracoidea) |
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ハイラックス科 |
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海牛目(Order Sirenia) |
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ジュゴン科 |
マナティ科 |
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Boreoeutheria巨目(Magnorder Boreoeutheria) |
真主齧上目(Superorder Euarchontoglires)
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皮翼目(Order Dermoptera) |
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ヒヨケザル科 |
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登木目(Order Scandentia) |
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ハネオツパイ科 |
ツパイ科 |
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兎形目(Order Lagomorpha) |
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ウサギ科 |
ナキウサギ科 |
サルデーニャウサギ科(絶滅) |
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ローラシア獣上目(Superorder Laurasiatheria)
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真無盲腸目(Order Eulipotyphla) |
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ハリネズミ科 |
ネソフォンテス科(絶滅) |
ソレノドン科 |
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トガリネズミ科 |
モグラ科 |
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鱗甲目(Order Pholidota) |
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センザンコウ科 |
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奇蹄目(Order Perissodactyla) |
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有角亜目(Suborder Ceratomorpha) |
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サイ科 |
バク科 |
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ウマ亜目(Suborder Hippomorpha) |
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ウマ科 |
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さいごに
最後までお読みいただきありがとうございます。
哺乳類の分類体系図の制作を始めてみて、文字だけが並んでいる分類体系図よりも、写真があったほうがイメージがしやすく、好奇心がより一層掻き立てられると思うので、制作にあたっては何としても画像付きで紹介したい!という強い思いがあって、クリエイティブ・コモンズ・ライセンスの画像検索ができる iNaturalistや、 Wikimedia Commons、 flickr を沢山活用させていただきました。
最初はボリュームの多さにヒーヒー言っていたのですが、だんだんと夢中になって、「チンチラと近縁な動物種はどこか顔が似てるな~」とか「”ネズミ”という名前がつく動物は齧歯目以外にもいるんだな~」とか、「コウモリの仲間はみんなハンサムだな~」とか様々なことを発見しながら、楽しく作業することができました。
もしも、世界中で研究している動物を撮影して写真を公開してくださる著作者の方々がいなかったら、こんな風に様々なことを感じることもできなかっただろうし、公開された写真を検索できる掲載サイトを運営してくださる方々がいなかったら、画像付きで哺乳類の分類体系図を作ることなんて到底叶えられませんでした。
著作者のみなさま、掲載サイトの運営者のみなさま、本当にありがとうございます。
分類群の中には、絶滅の危機に瀕している動物種や既に絶滅してしまった動物種もおり、その原因の多くに人間が関わっていると思うと、自分自身も無関係ではなく、真剣に向き合いながら、自分にもできることをコツコツ増やしていかなきゃいけないな~と思います。
「チンチラについて知りたい」第3回として、作成した哺乳類の分類体系図が、チンチラだけでなく哺乳類の様々な動物の理解を深めることにつなげられたら幸せなことだと思います。
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「Mammal Diversity Database (Ver.1.8)」(Nathan S. Upham , Connor Burgin, Jane Widness, Schuyler Liphardt, Camila Parker, Madeleine Becker, Ingrid Rochon, Oavid Huckaby 著 / American Society of Mammalogists 発行 / 1 Feb,2022) |
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「世界哺乳類標準和名リスト 2021年度版」(川田伸一郎・岩佐真宏・福井 大・新宅勇太・天野雅男・下稲葉さやか・樽 創・姉崎智子・鈴木 聡・押田龍夫・横畑泰志 著 / 日本哺乳類学会 発行 / 2021) |
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「哺乳類の生物学① 分類(新装版)」(金子之史 著 / 一般財団法人東京大学出版会 発行 / 2020.1) |
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「哺乳類の生物学② 形態(新装版)」(大泰司紀之 著 / 一般財団法人東京大学出版会 発行 / 2020.1) |
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「MAMMALOGY (SIXTH EDITION)」(TERRY A. VAUGHAN,JAMES M. RYAN,NICHOLAS J. CZAPLEWSKI 著 / JONES&BARTLETT LEANING 発行 / 2015) |
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「Marinie Mammals of the World -A Comprehensive Guide to Their Indentification Second Edition-」(Thomas A. Jefferson, Marc A. Webber, Robert L.Pitman 著 / Elsevier 発行 / 2015) |
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Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page |
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New World Encyclopedia https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/ |
Photo Credits
単孔目 |
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“Rainbow606 / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0) “ Photo © |
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“Arthur Chapman / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0) “ Photo © |
少丘歯目 |
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“jorgebrito / Adapted (Licensed under CC0 1.0) “ Photo by |
オポッサム形目 |
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“Cody Pope / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5) “ Photo © |
ミクロビオテリウム目 |
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“Vicente Valdes Guzman / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
フクロモグラ形目 |
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“Lydekker, Richard / Adapted (Licensed under Public Domain) “ Image by |
フクロネコ形目 |
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“pen_ash / Adapted (Licensed under Pixabay License) “ Photo by |
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“Luke Durkin / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0) “ Photo © |
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“E.J. Keller / Adapted (Licensed under Public Domain) “ Photo by |
バンディクート形目 |
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“John Gould / Adapted (Licensed under Public Domain) “ Image by |
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“JJ Harrison / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0) “ Photo © |
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“Bernard DUPONT from FRANCE / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0) “ Photo © |
双前歯目 |
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“Mark Gillow / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY 2.0) “ Photo © |
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“JJ Harrison / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Leo / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0) “ Photo © |
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“Joachim S. Müller / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0) “ Photo © |
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“patrickkavanagh / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY 2.0) “ Photo © |
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“David Cook / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0) “ Photo © |
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“philbenstead / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Tim Bawden / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Czdenek / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Diliff / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0) “ Photo © |
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“margot_oorebeek / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
被甲目 |
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“Hollingsworth, John and Karen / Adapted (Licensed under Public Domain) “ Photo by |
有毛目 |
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“Daniella Maraschiello / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Davepape / Adapted (Licensed under Public Domain) “ Photo by |
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“Quinten Questel / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0) “ Photo © |
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“Fernando Flores from Caracas, Venezuela / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0) “ Photo © |
ハネジネズミ目 |
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“Kate Webster00 / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0) “ Photo © |
アフリカトガリネズミ目 |
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“Kyle Finn / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Zoological Society of London., / Adapted (Licensed under Public Domain) “ Image by |
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“Heinonlein / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0) “ Photo © |
管歯目 |
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“Theo Kruse Burgers’ Zoo / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0) “ Photo © |
長鼻目 |
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“Liza Gross / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY 4.0) “ Photo © |
イワダヌキ目 |
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“Ragnhild&Neil Crawford / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0) “ Photo © |
海牛目 |
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“Damien Brouste / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“ungerlord / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
皮翼目 |
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“David Cook / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0) “ Photo © |
登木目 |
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“Entol Afnan / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Lavendulan / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
霊長目 |
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“Stratton Hatfield / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Ouwesok / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0) “ Photo © |
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“Ladislav Král / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0) “ Photo © |
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“pfaucher / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“mphntomhive / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Lilian Tomazelli / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“boernewatcher / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Gerald Schneider / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0) “ Photo © |
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“Sergey Norin / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY 2.0) “ Photo © |
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“nomis-simon / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY 2.0) “ Photo © |
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“Frank-Roland Fließ / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Smokeybjb / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0) “ Image © |
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“charleyhesse / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Image © |
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“Srinivasa Shenoy / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Sacha Heath / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“User:Haplochromis / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0) “ Photo © |
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“Smokeybjb / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0) “ Image © |
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“Todd Dixon / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“msoldn / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
兎形目 |
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“Marc / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Jason Vassallo / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Prolagussardus / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0) “ Image © |
齧歯目 |
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“Momofelit / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0) “ Photo © |
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“Jean-Pierre Hugot / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY 2.5 ) “ Photo © |
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“Gzen92 / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Iris Melgar / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Kevin Hannah / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“ “ Photo © Pablo Povea / Adapted, Reference : 『Reserva Nacional Las Chinchillas(La Chiricoca N°13)』(C’esar Pinones, Pablo Povea y Jorge Silva / Red de Observadores de Aves y Vida Silvestre de Chile (ROC) / 2011.12) |
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“Benjamin Frable / Adapted (Licensed under CC0 1.0) “ Photo by |
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“Sybil Nunn / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Heather and Andrew Hodgson / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“solmol / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“charleyhesse / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Paul Donahue / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Paul Pratt / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“https://tronador.ulagos.cl/jjimenez/ “ Photo © Jaime E. Jiménez / Adapted, Reference : |
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“Valentín González Feltrup / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Nortondefeis / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Vicente Pantoja / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“R.J. Adams / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“solmol / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Marina Gorbunova / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Nik Borrow / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Revolutionrock1976 / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Dolapo Adejumo / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Chris Harrison / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Ricardo Rivera / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Tom Murray / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0) “ Photo © |
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“Aleksandr Popov / Александр Попов / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Oleg Kosterin / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Erika Mitchell / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“https://www.biolib.cz/en/image/id191899/ “ Photo © Milan Kořínek / Adapted, Reference : |
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“aussiecreature / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Srinivasa Shenoy / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Sreejith Allipra / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“shure-61 / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
真無盲腸目 |
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“johannalangner / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Reverie / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0) “ Image © |
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“Pedro Genaro Rodriguez / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Geir Drange / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Sean Lee (earthkarma) / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
翼手目 |
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“Cherry Goh / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00157 “ Photo © Inter-Research 2009 / Adapted, Reference : |
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“Paul Carter / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“naturemates / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Johnnyrandom / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“ “ Photo © A.Reiter / Adapted, Reference : 『Taxonomic revision of the genus Triaenops (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) with description of a new species from southern Arabia and definitions of a new genus and tribe』(BENDA P. & VALLO P. / Folia Zool. vol.58 (Monograph 1) / 2009) |
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“gdevender / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Jakob Fahr / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“http://news.bbc.co.uk/earth/hi/earth_news/newsid_8811000/8811531.stm “ Photo © Radosoa Andoniaina Andrianaivoarivelo / Adapted, Reference : 『’Monastic’ Malagasy bat mystifies experts』(Matt Walker / Earth News by the acclaimed BBC Natural History Unit based in Bristol / 2010.7) |
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“Vlada Trailin / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Roberto Leonan Morim Novaes / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“delmer jonathan / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Dan Riskin / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“delmer jonathan / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Roberto Leonan Morim Novaes / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“jennycuray / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“ “ Photo © Trevor Morgan / Adapted, Reference : 『A conservation assessment of Cistugo lesueuri』(N.L. Avenant, Kate MacEwan, Julio Balona, et al., / The Red List of Mammals of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland 2016 / Jan,2016) |
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“peterswart / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Roberto Leonan Morim Novaes / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Geoffrey Gomes / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Ron / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
鱗甲目 |
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“Rajib Rudra Tariang / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
食肉目 |
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“Joachim S. Müller / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0) “ Photo © |
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“Ryan Hodnett / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“moisearthur / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Aidan Campos / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“redmaple283 / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Rhododendrites / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Grigory Evtukh / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“garywwilson / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Aleksandr_Levon / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Thomas Fuhrmann / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Matt Strimas-Mackey / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Mathias D’haen / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Bernard DUPONT from FRANCE / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0) “ Photo © |
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“Avinash Bhagat / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Rushikesh Deshmukh DOP / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“pfaucher / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
奇蹄目 |
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“Jay Pruett / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“David Robichaud / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Andre Harmse / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
偶蹄目 |
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“rafasl / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Joshua Rains / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Ryan / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“rwcannon57 / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“pfaucher / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“gypsytwitcher / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“John Sullivan / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Bird Explorers / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“a_f_r / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Frederic Doucet / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Oregon State University / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0) “ Photo © |
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“Dr. Louis M. Herman / Adapted (Licensed under Public Domain) “ Photo by |
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“Robert Pitman, NOAA Fisheries / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Bichos Y Verde / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0) “ Photo © |
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“пресс-служба ПАО “Газпром нефть” / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Marcus Wernicke, Porpoise Conservation Society / Adapted https://porpoise.org/ (Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0) “ Photo © |
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“Oceancetaceen / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 DE) “ Photo © |
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“ “ Photo © R.BASTIDA / Adapted, Reference : 『Marinie Mammals of the World -A Comprehensive Guide to Their Indentification Second Edition-』(Thomas A. Jefferson, Marc A. Webber, Robert L.Pitman / Elsevier Inc / 2015) |
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“Roland Seitre / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0) “ Photo © |
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“ “ Photo © H.MINAKUCHI / Adapted, Reference : 『Marinie Mammals of the World -A Comprehensive Guide to Their Indentification Second Edition-』(Thomas A. Jefferson, Marc A. Webber, Robert L.Pitman / Elsevier Inc / 2015) |
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“Will Falcon aka Vitaly Sokol / Adapted (Licensed under CC BY 4.0 ) “ Photo © |
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“ “ Photo © M. ARSHAD, COURTESY OF G. BRAULIK / Adapted, Reference : 『Marinie Mammals of the World -A Comprehensive Guide to Their Indentification Second Edition-』(Thomas A. Jefferson, Marc A. Webber, Robert L.Pitman / Elsevier Inc / 2015) |
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“ “ Photo © N. AGUILAR DE SOTO / Adapted, Reference : 『Marinie Mammals of the World -A Comprehensive Guide to Their Indentification Second Edition-』(Thomas A. Jefferson, Marc A. Webber, Robert L.Pitman / Elsevier Inc / 2015) |